Spurverhalten von Motorfahrzeugen in Kurven: Zusammenhänge zwischen Spurtypen, Unfallgeschehen und Kurvengeometrie

Abstract

The aim of this work was to develop a correlation between trajectories of cars and accidents in curves. The focus was on the question whether a statement on accidents can be made by trajectories alone.</br></br>In addition to a literature review on the topic of trajectories and perception, curve geometry and curve equipment a systematically cause - effect mechanisms was determined using a fault tree analysis for different types of accidents. It was shown that an unambiguous assignment of influencing factor to a certain type of accident is impossible. Therefore, in a further step, accident and trajectory types were assigned to a specific section of the curve. This confirmed the assumption that some differences existed between the individual curve segments. With the obtained findings a theoretical index for the hazard of a curve could be developed.</br></br>With empirical data of accidents and trajectories the factors found in the fault tree analysis were examined. It has been shown that an existing security line, a narrow roadway and a single curve after a long straight stretch of the road can have a negative impact on both types of accidents as well as unfavourable trajectory types "reach out", "cutting", "adjust" and "drift off".</br></br>As already suggested in the fault tree analysis, not only a single but several relevant factors were found. In the present work it was demonstrated for the first time that a combination of factors that have been used according to standards and were not considered unfavourable individually, can lead to an increased risk in a curve.</br/></br>With the results from the empirical data analysis, the previously developed theoretical hazard index could be supplemented with further weighted factors. The distribution of the trajectory types, which alone is not sufficiently significant, may be included in this index.</br></br>In the present study, the hazard index could not be verified due to the small amount of data. With newer technologies, it should be possible to detect trajectory data over a longer period of time.</br/></br>The aim of the Swiss federal department of the environment, transport, energy and communication DETEC to reduce the number of accidents even further becomes more complex and difficult with a decreasing number of accidents. The obvious shortcomings in infrastructure and driver behaviour are becoming less. Measures require an ever-increasing financial input resulting in smaller benefits. The new approach, as found here, could help to achieve the objectives of Via Sicura.